What is the one thing a society needs to maintain a sense of honor? Innocence. If you can distinguish naivete and innocence then you can be “as innocent as a dove but as sharp as a serpent.” Also I wish to account for, “where there are many rules, virtue will be lacking.” This is the core of what I’m advocating, what I’m trying to discover. As you can see, my thoughts are far along, but have a few holes in them. I’d love to hear anyone’s thoughts on what I’m overlooking.
Lately I have applied for several jobs and I have been in the enviable position of having many potential employers wanting to hire me. One of them, the one I eventually signed a contract with, wanted to screw over my headhunter and not pay her fees by claiming to hire another candidate while I claimed to work at another location.
I didn’t do this, for a few reasons. Chiefly, the headhunter has been helping me for YEARS and if someone treats me very well, I like to treat them well in return. Partly this is pragmatism, I might want to deal with her again later (she DID get me loads of solid leads). Additionally, this affects the nature of my relationship with my employer — are we starting off entering into a conspiracy to cheat someone? I’m not claiming that’s a bad thing a priori, but lets call a spade a spade. But really, the whole decision came down to my wanting to pay this headhunter for her services rendered.
Now I’ve gotten another offer that might be a better one. I might actually ditch the employer with whom I’ve already signed a contract, but who hasn’t filled out enough paperwork to make it a big headache (for me) to switch jobs. Furthermore, I’ve entered into this contract, knowing the exit clauses, assuming I’ll probably leave early, but not disclosing this information. At least one of my friends thinks my cavalier attitude towards agreements with employers is unethical. However, I can’t see anything wrong with this.
This got me thinking, when we define something as an evil or bad thing, what do we mean? I have a working model of kinds of transgressions. I divide them into two categories: Bodily transgressions such as assault, murder, rape, physical harm through negligence (a tricky one), poisoning, etc… Social transgressions such as breech of agreement, deception, omission, meanness, playing legal hardball, refusing to do business with specific people, etc. The former are things that cause, either directly or through strongly causal indirect means, bodily harm to another. The latter are breeches of society’s rules, written or unwritten, and are almost always violations of people’s expectations.
Now, in the case of bodily transgressions, I think most humans have agreed on extreme ones being wrong outside of specific circumstances. It’s generally considered wrong to shoot someone unless they’re shooting at me or my friend. Social transgressions vary from culture to culture and subculture to subculture. In some marketplaces, caveat emptor rules and everyone expects you to try and benefit from information advantage (aka “dupe someone”). Going into the game knowing this, there is really no problem in this environment (as long as the discount on price in this market equals or exceeds my costs from wrong estimates of value or quality, then it’s fine for me to shop there). At the other extreme, some social groups consider it a serious social breech if you enter into a simple argument that hurts someone’s feelings. Most societies frown on nakedness outside of specific circumstances, or adjusting one’s breasts or penis in public in an obvious way. Some social groups would stop reading this because I said “breasts” and “penis.”
There is a big middle ground in all of this. Bodily harm through negligence is often difficult to determine, and we’ll usually distinguish between innocent and accidental negligence (a genuine accident on the operating table, or during an emergency rescue) and vicious negligence (leaving a child in a locked car in 101 degree heat as a punishment). What’s more interesting to me is the problem of social transgressions.
Beyond the two categories I already stated, we can divide actions into honorable/innocent and dishonorable/naive actions. Innocent and honorable bodily harm actions are generally considered completely okay. Improvised emergency response in backcountry situations gives us occasional examples of this, where the best action known, given available equipment, skills, and conditions, still results in someone’s injury or death. Also, most people will understand if I hit someone with a baseball bat who is in the process of trying to stab me and steal my Nikes. Indeed, in these cases, the actions stem from honorable and/or innocent intentions AND no SOCIAL breech has occurred. However, we may judge them in complex ways. Why did I possess a baseball bat? What could I have done differently to save my wounded comrade? Legal consequences may ensue regardless of ones actual intentions and behaviors. I’ll talk about that later.
I am starting to think social breeches often trump bodily breeches. Also, I think they are usually judged in a very clear-cut way. The person who honestly didn’t know he was in a social group where everyone is expected to be super nice to each other doesn’t get a pass if he starts an argument with someone, even if his intention was genuinely compassionate calling someone out on some of their bull$#!! such as an addiction or other harmful behavior. He is likely to be judged as a jerk and never invited to the party again. We find extreme examples of the most honorable and innocent actions being punished by society in our great spiritual leaders from Jesus to Socrates.
I think this is because Social breeches are actually sins against the fabric of society. Society itself (through its social contracts and leaders who execute them) claims the right to transgress people’s bodies. The examples above, Jesus and Socrates, invoke society’s claim to this right to harm. Society also claims this right by imprisoning people or drafting them, and in some places by physical punishments such as caning, torture, and harsh prison conditions. American society, among others, also claims the specific right to harm people through direct and intentional negligence, as food and medicine are not considered “rights” but rather privileges.
My own moral life seems to be evolving more to pay attention to my own compass of honorable and innocent, and less to social norms. Now this may seem trite, but to say I am ignoring societal norms actually implies that I’m ignoring and often violating what most people would consider “right” and “wrong” or at the very least “offensive.” But culture and subculture is often broken. I personally find it repulsive to let someone starve or suffer from lack of medical care simply because they cannot find enough payed work or inherited money to buy it. I also find it repulsive to try to create an insular group to hypnotize each other into thinking highly of ourselves regardless of merit. I find I have little investment or care for things like other people’s feelings or expectations. So, while I remain a compassionate individual, I don’t bother to pull any punches, cup anyone’s bollocks, or pat anyone on the bum (unless I believe it will actually help them in the long run).
Nor do I bother about the social contracts such as whether a specific arena is caveat emptor, or supposed to play by gentleman’s rules, or we’re all putting (or pretending to put) all our cards on the table. I can trade based on personal reputation, so that matters to me, but all these social and societal concerns are purely utilitarian.
I assume little and choose actions based on expediency relative to my own intentions. I strive to keep these intentions honorable. I treat my three employees well, but we’re pirating and cannibalizing some old designs, no longer patented, in a market where people are playing by some Euro-specific “gentleman’s rules” and creating artificial market inefficiencies. Some might say I’m harming the particular culture, I say I’m evolving it.
Laws are a strange part of all this. It seems in many cases they are kind of farce, where the intention behind them takes second place and the unintended consequences are high. The war on drugs hasn’t kept a lot of my personal friends from getting addicted to soul-stealing chemicals like meth, yet I have seen it ruin a few people’s lives over less harmful drugs like marijuana. Further, dealing with immigration rules has taught me that social intentions underlying laws can be damned, I’m going to write what I need to in this paperwork to get what I want, so long as its either legal enough or legally illegible enough to spare me any consequences. I’ve never stayed a day illegally in Taiwan, yet I’ve circumvented the intentions of a lot of regulations, as have almost all the foreign teachers here.
My ultimate intentions of goodness reside only in my own sense of honor. I find my conscience is cleaner lately, yet I have an almost cavalier practicality and flagrant disregard about social rules, norms, and expectations along with other people’s feelings. I think I offend more people, yet I rest easier at night. I calculate more decisions based on advantages and disadvantages, and I feel less need to run over them again and again in my head to decide if what I did was morally right or wrong somehow.
I can point to timeless virtues, which withstand the eternal reality of change and evolution. Such virtues include patience, equanimity, innocence, compassion. I can also point to very real vices. The virtues and vices I can come up with are highly personal in nature, and don’t point to any specific rules or social norms per se. For example, addiction, impatience, lust, greed and envy don’t point to any specific social norms that could stand for all time. Murder does, along with the other extreme examples of bodily violation, but that’s about it. Almost everything else seems entirely situational.
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